General
\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and
distribution terms
\g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to
file or |pipe)
\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, *
for all commands
\q quit psql
Query Buffer
\e [FILE]
[LINE] edit the query buffer (or
file) with external editor
\ef [FUNCNAME
[LINE]] edit function definition with
external editor
\p show the contents of the
query buffer
\r reset (clear) the query
buffer
\s [FILE] display history or save it to
file
\w FILE write query buffer to file
Input/Output
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream
to the client host
\echo [STRING] write string to standard output
\i FILE execute commands from file
\ir FILE as \i, but relative to location
of current script
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or
|pipe
\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream
(see \o)
Informational
(options: S = show
system objects, + = additional detail)
\d[S+] list tables, views, and
sequences
\d[S+] NAME
describe table, view, sequence, or index
\da[S] [PATTERN]
list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN]
list tablespaces
\dc[S+]
[PATTERN] list conversions
\dC[+] [PATTERN]
list casts
\dd[S] [PATTERN]
show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere
\ddp [PATTERN] list default privileges
\dD[S+]
[PATTERN] list domains
\det[+]
[PATTERN] list foreign tables
\des[+]
[PATTERN] list foreign servers
\deu[+]
[PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+]
[PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers
\df[antw][S+]
[PATRN] list [only
agg/normal/trigger/window] functions
\dF[+] [PATTERN]
list text search configurations
\dFd[+]
[PATTERN] list text search
dictionaries
\dFp[+]
[PATTERN] list text search parsers
\dFt[+]
[PATTERN] list text search templates
\dg[+] [PATTERN]
list roles
\di[S+]
[PATTERN] list indexes
\dl list large objects, same as
\lo_list
\dL[S+]
[PATTERN] list procedural languages
\dn[S+] [PATTERN] list schemas
\do[S] [PATTERN]
list operators
\dO[S+]
[PATTERN] list collations
\dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access
privileges
\drds [PATRN1
[PATRN2]] list per-database role settings
\ds[S+]
[PATTERN] list sequences
\dt[S+]
[PATTERN] list tables
\dT[S+]
[PATTERN] list data types
\du[+] [PATTERN]
list roles
\dv[S+]
[PATTERN] list views
\dE[S+]
[PATTERN] list foreign tables
\dx[+] [PATTERN]
list extensions
\l[+] list all databases
\sf[+] FUNCNAME show a function's definition
\z [PATTERN] same as \dp
Formatting
\a toggle between unaligned
and aligned output mode
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for
unaligned query output
\H toggle HTML output mode
(currently off)
\pset NAME
[VALUE] set table output option
(NAME :=
{format|border|expanded|fieldsep|fieldsep_zero
|footer|null|
numericlocale|recordsep|recordsep_zero|tuples_only|titl
e|tableattr|pager})
\t [on|off] show only rows (currently off)
\T [STRING] set HTML <table> tag
attributes, or unset if none
\x
[on|off|auto] toggle expanded
output (currently off)
Connection
\c[onnect] [DBNAME|-
USER|- HOST|- PORT|-]
connect to new database (currently "postgres")
\encoding
[ENCODING] show or set client encoding
\password
[USERNAME] securely change the password
for a user
\conninfo display information about current
connection
Operating System
\cd [DIR] change the current working
directory
\setenv NAME
[VALUE] set or unset environment
variable
\timing
[on|off] toggle timing of commands
(currently off)
\! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start
interactive shell
Variables
\prompt [TEXT]
NAME prompt user to set internal
variable
\set [NAME
[VALUE]] set internal variable, or
list all if no parameters
\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable
Large Objects
\lo_export LOBOID
FILE
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
\lo_list
\lo_unlink
LOBOID large object operations
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